Bakteri Hpf Nedir
kaynağı değiştir]
- ^abcdefghijklmnoNicolle LE (). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol Clin North Am. 35 (1). ss.&#;, v. doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcdefghLane, DR (Ağustos ). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 29 (3). ss.&#; doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcdeColgan, R (1 Ekim ). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". American family physician. 84 (7). ss.&#; PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcdefghijklmnSalvatore, S (Haziran ). "Urinary tract infections in women". European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. (2). ss.&#; doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^Arellano, Ronald S. Non-vascular interventional radiology of the abdomen. New York: Springer. s.&#; ISBN&#; 9 Ocak tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^abcdefBhat, RG (Ağustos ). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 29 (3). ss.&#; doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcdWoodford, HJ (Şubat ). "Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people". Clinical medicine (London, England). 11 (1). ss.&#; PMID&#;&#;
- ^Amdekar, S (Kasım ). "Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection". Current microbiology. 63 (5). ss.&#; doi/s PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcdefgDielubanza, EJ (Ocak ). "Urinary tract infections in women". The Medical clinics of North America. 95 (1). ss.&#; doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^Nicolle LE (). "The chronic indwelling catheter and urinary infection in long-term-care facility residents". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 22 (5). ss.&#; doi/ PMID&#;&#;
- ^Phipps S, Lim YN, McClinton S, Barry C, Rane A, N'Dow J (). Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults Phipps, Simon (Ed.). "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2. ss.&#;CD doi/CDpub2. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Gould CV, Umscheid CA, Agarwal RK, Kuntz G, Pegues DA (). "Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections ". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 31 (4). ss.&#; doi/ PMID&#;&#;
- ^Infectious Disease, Chapter Seven, Urinary Tract Infections 29 Eylül tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. from Infectious Disease Section of Microbiology and Immunology On-line. By Charles Bryan MD. University of South Carolina. This page last changed on Wednesday, April 27,
- ^abEves, FJ (Nisan ). "Prevention of urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury in home health care". Home healthcare nurse. 28 (4). ss.&#; doi/NHH.0bedc1bcb. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Opperman, EA (Haziran ). "Cranberry is not effective for the prevention or treatment of urinary tract infections in individuals with spinal cord injury". Spinal cord. 48 (6). ss.&#; doi/sc PMID&#;&#;
- ^abJepson RG, Craig JC (). Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections Jepson, Ruth G (Ed.). "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1. ss.&#;CD doi/CDpub4. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Wang CH, Fang CC, Chen NC; ve diğerleri. (). "Cranberry-containing products for prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations". Arch Intern Med. (13). ss.&#; doi/archinternmed&#;
- ^Rossi, R (Eylül ). "Overview on cranberry and urinary tract infections in females". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. Cilt&#;44 Suppl 1. ss.&#;S doi/MCG.0bed2dc8e. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Wang, CH (9 Temmuz ). "Cranberry-containing products for prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Archives of Internal Medicine. (13). ss.&#; PMID&#;&#;
- ^Engleberg, N C; DiRita, V; Dermody, T S (). "63". Schaechter's Mechanism of Microbial Disease (4 bas.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN&#;&#;
- ^Cubeddu, Richard Finkel, Michelle A. Clark, Luigi X. (). Pharmacology (4th ed. bas.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Perrotta, C (16 Nisan ). "Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 2. ss.&#;CD doi/CDpub2. PMID&#;&#;
- ^Dai, B; Liu, Y; Jia, J; Mei, C (). "Long-term antibiotics for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 95 (7). ss.&#; doi/adc PMID&#;&#;
- ^Salo, J (Kasım ). "Childhood urinary tract infections as a cause of chronic kidney disease". Pediatrics. (5). ss.&#; doi/peds PMID&#;&#;
- ^Raynor, MC (Ocak ). "Urinary infections in men". The Medical clinics of North America. 95 (1). ss.&#; doi/monash.pw PMID&#;&#;
- ^Leung, David Hui&#;; edited by Alexander. Approach to internal medicine&#;: a resource book for clinical practice (3rd ed. bas.). New York: Springer. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Kursh, edited by Elroy D. (). Office urology. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Walls, authors, Nathan W. Mick, Jessica Radin Peters, Daniel Egan&#;; editor, Eric S. Nadel&#;; advisor, Ron (). Blueprints emergency medicine (2nd ed. bas.). Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Gaines, KK (Haziran ). "Phenazopyridine hydrochloride: the use and abuse of an old standby for UTI". Urologic nursing. 24 (3). ss.&#; PMID&#;&#;
- ^Aronson, edited by Jeffrey K. (). Meyler's side effects of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Glass, [edited by] Jill C. Cash, Cheryl A. (). Family practice guidelines (2nd ed. bas.). New York: Springer. s.&#; ISBN&#; 16 Aralık tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Green H, Paul M, Yaphe J, Leibovici L (). Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women Zalmanovici Trestioreanu, Anca (Ed.). "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 10 (10). ss.&#;CD doi/CDpub2. PMID&#;&#;
- ^abcGupta, K (1 Mart ). "International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases". Clinical infectious diseases&#;: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 52 (5). ss.&#;e doi/cid/ciq PMID&#;&#;
- ^"BestBets: Is a short course of antibiotics better than a long course in the treatment of UTI in children". 17 Haziran tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^abcColgan, R (1 Eylül ). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women". American family physician. 84 (5). ss.&#; PMID&#;&#;
- ^abBrunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (12th ed. bas.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. s.&#; ISBN&#; 9 Ocak tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^abAl-Achi, Antoine (). An introduction to botanical medicines&#;: history, science, uses, and dangers. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. s.&#; ISBN&#; 10 Ocak tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat &#;
- ^Wilson], [general ed.: Graham (). Topley and Wilson's Principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity&#;: in 4 volumes (8. ed. bas.). Londra: Arnold. s.&#; ISBN&#;&#;
- ^Guinto VT, De Guia B, Festin MR, Dowswell T (). Different antibiotic regimens for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy Guinto, Valerie T (Ed.). "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9. ss.&#;CD doi/CDpub2. PMID&#;&#;
- ^"Adult Health Advisor Bacteria in Urine, No Symptoms (Asymptomatic Bacteriuria)". 21 Şubat tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Ağustos &#;
- ^"Urinary Tract Infections". 18 Temmuz tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Ağustos &#;
- ^Meyhoff H, Nordling J, Gammelgaard P, Vejlsgaard R (). "Does antibacterial ointment applied to urethral meatus in women prevent recurrent cystitis?". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 15 (2). ss.&#; PMID &#;
- ^Raz R, Stamm W (). "A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections". N Engl J Med. (11). ss.&#; PMID &#;
Dış bağlantılar[değiştir kaynağı değiştir]
- Sık işeme ve çok az idrar çıkmasına rağmen, işeme ihtiyacı duyma.
- Gece işeme ihtiyacı duyma.
- İdrar yolu yangısı: İdrar yolu ağzında rahatsızlık veya ağrı; işeme sırasında idrar yolu boyunca bir yanma duygusu.
- Sistit: Orta idrar yolunda ağrı.
- Piyüri: İdrarda irin veya idrar yolunda iltihap akıntısı.
- Hematüri: İdrarda kan.
- Pireksi: Ateş (tıp)
- Bulanık ve kötü kokulu idrar
- Acil servise gelen yaşlı hastalarda akıl karışıklığı ve bağlantılı düşmeler idrar yolu enfeksiyonunda sıkça görülür.
- Bazı idrar yolu enfeksiyonları bir belirti göstermezler.