This was an observational study, with drain placement being at the discretion of the surgeon. Different surgeons may have different thresholds as regards indications for drain insertion, other indications not specified in COMPASS, and also may not routinely document the specific indication in hospital records. After confounding by indication had been accounted for in the propensity score-matched model, drain insertion was associated with 2. Like if!!! Peter Hook CD 2 1.
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