Madde Miktarı Ölçme Aracı
kaynağı değiştir]
Katının esnekliği (elastisite modülü)[değiştir kaynağı değiştir]- ^Baranski, A. (2012) "The Atomic Mass Unit, the Avogadro Constant, and the Mole: A way to Understanding" Journal of Chemical Education89: 97-102. DOI:10.1021/ed2001957
- ^Giunta, C. J. (2015) "The Mole and Amount of Substance in Chemistry and Education: Beyond Official Definitions" J. Chem. Educ.92: 1593–97. DOI:10.1021/ed2001957
- ^Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2020). "Analysis of Two Definitions of the Mole That Are in Simultaneous Use, and Their Surprising Consequences” J. Chem. Educ.97: 597-602. DOI:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00467
- ^Brown, L.; Holme, T. (2011) Chemistry for Engineering Students, Brooks/Cole.
- ^abGiunta, Carmen J. (25 Şubat 2016). "What's in a Name? Amount of Substance, Chemical Amount, and Stoichiometric Amount". Journal of Chemical Education. 93 (4): 583-586. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00690. ISSN 0021-9584.
- ^"E.R. Cohen, T. Cvitas, J.G. Frey, B. Holmström, K. Kuchitsu, R. Marquardt, I. Mills, F. Pavese, M. Quack, J. Stohner, H.L. Strauss, M. Takami, and A.J. Thor, "Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry", IUPAC Green Book, 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge (2008)"(PDF). s. 4. 20 Aralık 2016 tarihinde kaynağından(PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2019.
- ^abcQuantities, units, and symbols in physical chemistry. 2nd ed. Ian Mills, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Terminology, and Units International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on Physicochemical Symbols. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1993. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. OCLC 27011505. 19 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Gold, Victor, (Ed.) (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book. 4 (İngilizce). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.a00297. 24 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Gold, Victor, (Ed.) (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book. 4 (İngilizce). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.a00298. 24 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Lehmann, H. P.; Fuentes-Arderiu, X.; Bertello, L. F. (1 Ocak 1996). "Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (4): 957-1000. doi:10.1351/pac199668040957. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^Lomonosov, Mikhail (1970). "On the Relation of the Amount of Material and Weight". Leicester, Henry M. (Ed.). Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov on the Corpuscular Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ss. 224-33 – Internet Archive vasıtasıyla.
- ^abcde"Atome". Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle. Cilt 1. Paris: Pierre Larousse. 1866. ss. 868-73. . (Fransızca)
- ^Lavoisier, Antoine (1789). Traité élémentaire de chimie, présenté dans un ordre nouveau et d'après les découvertes modernes. Paris: Chez Cuchet. 28 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021. . (Fransızca)
- ^Dalton, John (1805). "On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids". Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 2nd Series. Cilt 1. ss. 271-87. 4 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Dalton, John (1808). A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Manchester: London.
- ^Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis (1809). "Memoire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres". Mémoires de la Société d'Arcueil. Cilt 2. s. 207. English translation 13 Şubat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). "Essai d'une maniere de determiner les masses relatives des molecules elementaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons". Journal de Physique. Cilt 73. ss. 58-76. English translation 12 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Excerpts from Berzelius' essay: Part II 2 Mart 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; Part III 7 Haziran 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Berzelius' first atomic weight measurements were published in Swedish in 1810: Hisinger, W.; Berzelius, J.J. (1810). "Forsok rorande de bestamda proportioner, havari den oorganiska naturens bestandsdelar finnas forenada". Afh. Fys., Kemi Mineral. Cilt 3. s. 162.
- ^Prout, William (1815). "On the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms". Annals of Philosophy. Cilt 6. ss. 321-30. 31 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Petit, Alexis Thérèse; Dulong, Pierre-Louis (1819). "Recherches sur quelques points importants de la Théorie de la Chaleur". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. Cilt 10. ss. 395-413. English translation 22 Ocak 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
- ^Clapeyron, Émile (1834). "Puissance motrice de la chaleur". Journal de l'École Royale Polytechnique. 14 (23). ss. 153-90.
- ^Faraday, Michael (1834). "On Electrical Decomposition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Cilt 124. ss. 77-122. doi:10.1098/rstl.1834.0008. 11 Eylül 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Krönig, August (1856). "Grundzüge einer Theorie der Gase". Annalen der Physik. 99 (10). ss. 315-22. Bibcode:1856AnP...175..315K. doi:10.1002/andp.18561751008. 1 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Clausius, Rudolf (1857). "Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen". Annalen der Physik. 176 (3). ss. 353-79. Bibcode:1857AnP...176..353C. doi:10.1002/andp.18571760302. 31 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Perrin, Jean (1909). "Mouvement brownien et réalité moléculaire". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 8e Série. Cilt 18. ss. 1-114. Extract in English, translation by Frederick Soddy 7 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-elements and the Periodic Law". Chemical News. Cilt 107. ss. 97-99. 12 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Thomson, Joseph John (1 Ağustos 1913). "Bakerian Lecture:—Rays of positive electricity". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 89 (607): 1-20. doi:10.1098/rspa.1913.0057. 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (November 11, 1915). Statement regarding the 1914 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1 Kasım 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Aston, Francis W. (1920). "The constitution of atmospheric neon". Philosophical Magazine. 39 (6). ss. 449-55. doi:10.1080/14786440408636058. 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (December 10, 1921). Presentation Speech for the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 24 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (December 10, 1922). Presentation Speech for the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 29 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Oseen, C.W. (December 10, 1926). Presentation Speech for the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics 16 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Holden, Norman E. (2004). "Atomic Weights and the International Committee – A Historical Review". Chemistry International. 26 (1). ss. 4-7. 9 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^abLe Système International d'Unités (SI) = The International System of Units (SI). 8e éd. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2006. ISBN 92-822-2213-6. OCLC 70240217.
- ^Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019): The International System of Units (SI) 26 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., 9th edition, English version, p. 134. Available at the BIPM website 19 Nisan 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Baranski, A. (2012) "The Atomic Mass Unit, the Avogadro Constant, and the Mole: A way to Understanding" Journal of Chemical Education89: 97-102. DOI:10.1021/ed2001957
- ^Giunta, C. J. (2015) "The Mole and Amount of Substance in Chemistry and Education: Beyond Official Definitions" J. Chem. Educ.92: 1593–97. DOI:10.1021/ed2001957
- ^Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2020). "Analysis of Two Definitions of the Mole That Are in Simultaneous Use, and Their Surprising Consequences” J. Chem. Educ.97: 597-602. DOI:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00467
- ^Brown, L.; Holme, T. (2011) Chemistry for Engineering Students, Brooks/Cole.
- ^abGiunta, Carmen J. (25 Şubat 2016). "What's in a Name? Amount of Substance, Chemical Amount, and Stoichiometric Amount". Journal of Chemical Education. 93 (4): 583-586. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00690. ISSN 0021-9584.
- ^"E.R. Cohen, T. Cvitas, J.G. Frey, B. Holmström, K. Kuchitsu, R. Marquardt, I. Mills, F. Pavese, M. Quack, J. Stohner, H.L. Strauss, M. Takami, and A.J. Thor, "Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry", IUPAC Green Book, 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge (2008)"(PDF). s. 4. 20 Aralık 2016 tarihinde kaynağından(PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2019.
- ^abcQuantities, units, and symbols in physical chemistry. 2nd ed. Ian Mills, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Terminology, and Units International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Commission on Physicochemical Symbols. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1993. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. OCLC 27011505. 19 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Gold, Victor, (Ed.) (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book. 4 (İngilizce). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.a00297. 24 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Gold, Victor, (Ed.) (2019). The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology: The Gold Book. 4 (İngilizce). Research Triangle Park, NC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). doi:10.1351/goldbook.a00298. 24 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Lehmann, H. P.; Fuentes-Arderiu, X.; Bertello, L. F. (1 Ocak 1996). "Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (4): 957-1000. doi:10.1351/pac199668040957. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^Lomonosov, Mikhail (1970). "On the Relation of the Amount of Material and Weight". Leicester, Henry M. (Ed.). Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov on the Corpuscular Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ss. 224-33 – Internet Archive vasıtasıyla.
- ^abcde"Atome". Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle. Cilt 1. Paris: Pierre Larousse. 1866. ss. 868-73. . (Fransızca)
- ^Lavoisier, Antoine (1789). Traité élémentaire de chimie, présenté dans un ordre nouveau et d'après les découvertes modernes. Paris: Chez Cuchet. 28 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021. . (Fransızca)
- ^Dalton, John (1805). "On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids". Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 2nd Series. Cilt 1. ss. 271-87. 4 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Dalton, John (1808). A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Manchester: London.
- ^Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis (1809). "Memoire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres". Mémoires de la Société d'Arcueil. Cilt 2. s. 207. English translation 13 Şubat 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). "Essai d'une maniere de determiner les masses relatives des molecules elementaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons". Journal de Physique. Cilt 73. ss. 58-76. English translation 12 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Excerpts from Berzelius' essay: Part II 2 Mart 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; Part III 7 Haziran 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Berzelius' first atomic weight measurements were published in Swedish in 1810: Hisinger, W.; Berzelius, J.J. (1810). "Forsok rorande de bestamda proportioner, havari den oorganiska naturens bestandsdelar finnas forenada". Afh. Fys., Kemi Mineral. Cilt 3. s. 162.
- ^Prout, William (1815). "On the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms". Annals of Philosophy. Cilt 6. ss. 321-30. 31 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Petit, Alexis Thérèse; Dulong, Pierre-Louis (1819). "Recherches sur quelques points importants de la Théorie de la Chaleur". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. Cilt 10. ss. 395-413. English translation 22 Ocak 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
- ^Clapeyron, Émile (1834). "Puissance motrice de la chaleur". Journal de l'École Royale Polytechnique. 14 (23). ss. 153-90.
- ^Faraday, Michael (1834). "On Electrical Decomposition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Cilt 124. ss. 77-122. doi:10.1098/rstl.1834.0008. 11 Eylül 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Krönig, August (1856). "Grundzüge einer Theorie der Gase". Annalen der Physik. 99 (10). ss. 315-22. Bibcode:1856AnP...175..315K. doi:10.1002/andp.18561751008. 1 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Clausius, Rudolf (1857). "Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen". Annalen der Physik. 176 (3). ss. 353-79. Bibcode:1857AnP...176..353C. doi:10.1002/andp.18571760302. 31 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Perrin, Jean (1909). "Mouvement brownien et réalité moléculaire". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 8e Série. Cilt 18. ss. 1-114. Extract in English, translation by Frederick Soddy 7 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Soddy, Frederick (1913). "The Radio-elements and the Periodic Law". Chemical News. Cilt 107. ss. 97-99. 12 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Thomson, Joseph John (1 Ağustos 1913). "Bakerian Lecture:—Rays of positive electricity". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 89 (607): 1-20. doi:10.1098/rspa.1913.0057. 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (November 11, 1915). Statement regarding the 1914 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1 Kasım 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Aston, Francis W. (1920). "The constitution of atmospheric neon". Philosophical Magazine. 39 (6). ss. 449-55. doi:10.1080/14786440408636058. 27 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (December 10, 1921). Presentation Speech for the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 24 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Söderbaum, H.G. (December 10, 1922). Presentation Speech for the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 29 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Oseen, C.W. (December 10, 1926). Presentation Speech for the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics 16 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^Holden, Norman E. (2004). "Atomic Weights and the International Committee – A Historical Review". Chemistry International. 26 (1). ss. 4-7. 9 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Haziran 2021.
- ^abLe Système International d'Unités (SI) = The International System of Units (SI). 8e éd. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2006. ISBN 92-822-2213-6. OCLC 70240217.
- ^Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019): The International System of Units (SI) 26 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., 9th edition, English version, p. 134. Available at the BIPM website 19 Nisan 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..