Voxel-based models use matrices of segmented voxels based on tomographic images. This is an example of a possibly more realistic scenario. Different isotopes of an element exhibit almost the same chemical behaviour very small differences are observable in special experiments only: isotopic effect. LET does not address the magnitude of the individual energy-loss events that occur along the track; nor does it address the amount of energy lost to matter in the volume of interest. The most outstanding element group is formed by the noble gases, similar observations are made for the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as for the chalcogens sulphur, selenium, and tellurium.
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