Performance Appraisal and Feedback Performance appraisal and feedback have both a knowledge and a skill base. Volume 12, industrial and organizational psychology. Although descriptive statistics are helpful in representing and organizing data, inferential statistics are used to test hypotheses. In obtrusive observation, the researcher is visible to the research participants, who know that they are being studied. At a more micro level, leadership and management involves the day-today exchange between leaders and followers.
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